The CEO of the Brain
A complex variety of mental skills that we use on a daily basis to achieve our goals, executive function can be considered the “CEO of the brain.” Executive function as a whole allows each of us to set goals; plan how to complete a project; prioritize tasks; organize time, materials and information; shift approaches flexibly; and hold and manipulate information in working memory and control their behaviors for task completion. Therefore, there is a strong correlation between effective executive function and success in school.
Executive function continues to develop in the prefrontal cortex of the brain until at least the age of 25, which is why we often work with college students, too. While all children and teenagers are developing their executive functions, some children and teenagers have notable and specific weaknesses that may be clinically significant. Regardless of how bright these students are, they struggle to do schoolwork and successfully manage tasks. That’s where a skilled and master teacher or learning specialist can assist with targeted, explicit instruction, or coaching. More significant executive function challenges often go hand-in-hand with ADHD, but all students needs to be working on these skills as part of continuous improvement and effectiveness.
What Are Executive Functions?
Executive functions are a complex and integrated set of skills that allow each of us to achieve our goals and perform any task effectively. Developing executive function skills is not an event but rather a life-long endeavor. As we age up, we take on more and more responsibilities, which requires a regular refinement of these integrates skills in developmentally and age appropriate ways. Our everyday tasks — school, work, and extracurriculars — provide an authentic vehicle for practicing, developing, and enhancing this skill set, which includes:
- Planning
- Organizing
- Initiating and completing tasks
- Managing time and possessions
- Prioritizing (and re-prioritizing in real time)
- Multi-tasking
- Transitioning between tasks and locations
- Thinking flexibly to solve real life problems
- Controlling impulses and emotions
- Engaging in tasks requiring short-term, long-term, and working memory
Executive function may be better understood as a 6-step process:
- Analyze a task. Figure out what needs to be done.
- Plan how to handle the task.
- Get organized. Break down the plan into a series of steps.
- Figure out how much time is needed to carry out the plan, and set aside the time.
- Make adjustments as needed.
- Finish the task in the time allotted.
How Do We Approach Executive Function Coaching?
To practice the skills under the umbrella of executive function, we often work with our students using schoolwork or real-life tasks. These authentic tasks are typically more engaging for students and lead to a deeper understanding of the strategic process. We don’t believe in scripted curricula or a one-size-fits-all approach.
Customized for each learner, we often use assistive technologies, various timers and clocks, modified planners, and a variety of organizers, tools, and strategies to help students better manage their work. At My Learning Springboard, our practices are shaped by Brad and Faya’s years of teaching and special education experience in fully inclusive classroom settings, as well as by the work of Sarah Ward, the renowned Language and Speech Therapist who specializes in working with children with executive function challenges.
When we talk with parents, psychologists, learning specialists, and school faculty, we often discuss the following signs of executive dysfunction as they apply to a specific student. These discussions lead to creative brainstorming in order to customize an approach that will be manageable in each situation. Some hallmarks of executive function challenges include organizational issues, time management difficulties, and struggling to perform in school, which are further detailed in the sections below.
Organizational Issues
These challenges include but are not limited to:
- Losing or forgetting important items on a regular basis
- Being unable to visualize and maintain a clean room, desk, or locker
- Interrupting tasks to gather necessary items
Time Management Difficulties
These challenges include but are not limited to:
- Struggling to be on time due to disorganization or poor planning
- Difficulty moving from one task to the next in a timely manner
- Finding it difficult to figure out how to get started on and complete a task in an allotted time frame
- Struggling to interpret multi-step directions
- Focusing on small details or the overall picture, but not on both at the same time
- Having trouble figuring out how much time a task realistically requires
- Doing things either quickly, messily, and often incorrectly, or slowly and incompletely
Struggling To Perform In School
These challenges include but are not limited to:
- Difficulty memorizing facts, digesting important information, organizing thoughts in writing, solving multi-step problems, and completing and turning in homework in a timely fashion
- Finding it difficult to incorporate feedback into work or an activity
- Difficulty transitioning to a new plan, even when it’s clear that the current plan isn’t working
- Having trouble paying attention and being easily distracted
- Losing a train of thought when interrupted
- Needing to be told the directions numerous times
- Having trouble making decisions
- Lacking the words to explain something in detail
- Needing help processing what something feels/sounds/looks like
- Having trouble with higher order thinking
Related Posts
- What Are Executive Functions?
- Developing Executive Function Skills: Shared Relevance
- Enhancing Metacognition and Executive Functions
- When To Consider Executive Function Coaching
- ADHD and Executive Function: The Power of Positive Routines
- Developing Executive Function Skills Authentically
- Improving Executive Function Skills
- Helping Kids Who Struggle With Executive Functions
- 5 Strategies To Improve Executive Function
- Understanding The Value Of Tutoring With My Learning Springboard
- A Different Tutoring Experience With My Learning Springboard
Scheduling a Planning Meeting
If you think that your child or college student is experiencing difficulty with any of the executive function skills listed above, please do not hesitate to reach out to discuss your child’s situation and needs in more detail. Difficulty with executive function can hold many students back from the success they could otherwise achieve in school and beyond. No matter at what point the situation is addressed, there are myriad ways in which to help children, or adults for that matter, become more effective at everything they do. Our team of highly skillful teachers is ready to help!
An initial planning meeting is usually the best way to get started. These meetings can be 30, 45, or 60 minutes by Zoom, by phone, or in person per a family’s preference. A single planning meeting allows us to talk more substantively about your family’s specific needs, priorities, and goals so that we can determine possible next steps. We’re committed to developing unique solutions for unique learners!
We look forward to hearing from you!
Warm regards,
Brad Hoffman and Faya Hoffman,
Co-Founders and Learning Concierges, My Learning Springboard